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sars cov omicron variant prot s b 1 1 529 ba 1 mutation pool  (Miltenyi Biotec)
93
Miltenyi Biotec sars cov omicron variant prot s b 1 1 529 ba 1 mutation pool
Sars Cov Omicron Variant Prot S B 1 1 529 Ba 1 Mutation Pool, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/PepTivator+SARS-CoV-2+Prot_S+B%2E1%2E1%2E529%2FBA%2E1+Mutation+Pool%2C+research+grade/pm40242761-85-10-25
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
sars cov omicron variant prot s b 1 1 529 ba 1 mutation pool - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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40589 v49h3 b  (Sino Biological)
94
Sino Biological 40589 v49h3 b
40589 V49h3 B, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/SARS-CoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+(Omicron)+S1%2BS2+trimer+Protein+(+ECD%2C+His+%26+AVI+Tag)%2C+Biotinylated/med_rxiv__64898__2026__04__21__26351402-37-17-23
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
40589 v49h3 b - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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omicron spike trimer conjugated  (R&D Systems)
91
R&D Systems omicron spike trimer conjugated
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Omicron Spike Trimer Conjugated, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 91/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/Recombinant+SARS-CoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+S+Alexa+Fluor%C2%AE+488+Protein/pm36848880-104-2-10
Average 91 stars, based on 1 article reviews
omicron spike trimer conjugated - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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sars cov 2 spike wt peptide pool  (Miltenyi Biotec)
93
Miltenyi Biotec sars cov 2 spike wt peptide pool
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Sars Cov 2 Spike Wt Peptide Pool, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/PepTivator+SARS-CoV-2+Prot_S+B%2E1%2E1%2E529%2FBA%2E2+WT+Reference+Pool%2C+research+grade/med_rxiv__2025__05__20__25327919-227-10-22
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
sars cov 2 spike wt peptide pool - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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omicron s rbd with hfc  (R&D Systems)
90
R&D Systems omicron s rbd with hfc
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Omicron S Rbd With Hfc, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/Recombinant+SARS-CoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+S+RBD+Fc+Protein%2C+CF/pm36335195-172-32-59
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
omicron s rbd with hfc - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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spike rbd b1 1  (R&D Systems)
92
R&D Systems spike rbd b1 1
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Spike Rbd B1 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/Recombinant+SARSCoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+RBD+Alexa+Fluor%C2%AE+647+Protein/pm37844534-67-43-63
Average 92 stars, based on 1 article reviews
spike rbd b1 1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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peptivator sars cov 2 prot s b 1 1 529 wt reference pool  (Miltenyi Biotec)
93
Miltenyi Biotec peptivator sars cov 2 prot s b 1 1 529 wt reference pool
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Peptivator Sars Cov 2 Prot S B 1 1 529 Wt Reference Pool, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/PepTivator+SARS-CoV-2+Prot_S+B%2E1%2E1%2E529%2FBA%2E1+WT+Reference+Pool%2C+research+grade/bio_rxiv__2022__07__31__500554-54-38-46
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
peptivator sars cov 2 prot s b 1 1 529 wt reference pool - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
93/100 stars
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biotinylated rbd  (Miltenyi Biotec)
93
Miltenyi Biotec biotinylated rbd
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Biotinylated Rbd, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/Recombinant+SARS-CoV-2+RBD+B%2E1%2E1%2E529%2FBA%2E1+(HEK)-Biotin/bio_rxiv__2024__02__02__578553-300-20-22
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
biotinylated rbd - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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psv023  (Sino Biological)
93
Sino Biological psv023
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Psv023, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/SARS-CoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+sublineage+BA%2E5+(Omicron)+Spike+Pseudovirus/10__21203_slash_rs__3__rs___7896022_slash_v1-123-13-18
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
psv023 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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omicron variant  (R&D Systems)
94
R&D Systems omicron variant
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Omicron Variant, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/Recombinant+SARS-CoV-2+B%2E1%2E1%2E529+S+(GCN4-IZ)+Avi+Protein%2C+CF/pm41803230-584-18-24
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
omicron variant - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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spike ba 2 peptide pool  (Miltenyi Biotec)
93
Miltenyi Biotec spike ba 2 peptide pool
FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of <t>GFP-conjugated</t> WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.
Spike Ba 2 Peptide Pool, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/b+1+1+529/PepTivator+SARS-CoV-2+Prot_S+B%2E1%2E1%2E529%2FBA%2E2+Mutation+Pool%2C+research+grade/med_rxiv__2025__05__20__25327919-227-26-36
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
spike ba 2 peptide pool - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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Image Search Results


FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of GFP-conjugated WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Veklury® (remdesivir) formulations inhibit initial membrane-coupled events of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin content.

doi: 10.1111/bph.16063

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 Methyl-β cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced reductions in ACE2 binding of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Delta SARS- CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) negatively correlate with the applied RBD concentrations. HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were treated with different concentrations of MβCD ranging between 0.25 and 10 mM. Fluorescence intensities of cells were measured using flow cytometry for 5 min continuously starting immediately after the addition of GFP-conjugated WT (a) or Delta (b) SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs applied at various concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μgml1, or 0.05 and 2.5 μgml1, respectively. Moving averages of time-correlated fluorescence intensities of at least 50,000 cells of normal morphology were determined with a window size of 10 s and subsequently normalized to the average of intensities obtained in the last time window of untreated control samples. Mean ± SD values were calculated from data of six independent samples per treatment condition and plotted as a function of time (starting 20 s after RBD addition). The extents of inhibition of WT (a) and Delta (b) RBD binding at the end of the measurement time in response to various MβCD concentrations were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD as a function of the applied RBD concentration in the right panels. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the lowest versus highest RBD concentrations at each applied CD concentration (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S2.

Article Snippet: When using Omicron spike trimer conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (R&D Systems; AFG11060), experiments were repeated after SBECD, Veklury® P or Veklury® S treatments in HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells using the trimer at 0.5 and 2.5 μg ml 1, respectively.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Control, Inhibition, Concentration Assay

FIGURE 6 Veklury® (remdesivir) formulations effectively decrease ACE2 binding of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the cellular uptake of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer due to their SBECD content. (a) HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 (left panel) or Calu-3 cells (right panel) were treated with SBECD, Veklury® P (powder) or Veklury® S (solution) at CD concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mM. Then, HEK/ ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were incubated in the presence of 0.2-μgml1 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD–GFP, whereas Calu-3 cells were labelled with 1-μgml1 Omicron RBD–GFP for 4 min. The emitted fluorescence intensities of individual cells were subsequently measured using flow cytometry, and the mean intensity was calculated from data of at least 10,000 cells of normal morphology per sample. The average values of six independent measurements (±SD) were calculated, normalized to the mean value determined in untreated control samples and plotted as a function of the applied concentrations of CD. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the highest applied concentrations compared to the control samples (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S6. (b) HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 (left panel) or Calu-3 cells (right panel) treated with SBECD, Veklury® P or Veklury® S at CD concentrations of 1 and 5 mM for 1 h were subsequently incubated for 4 h in the presence of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488. The average fluorescence intensity values emitted by Alexa Fluor 488-labelled trimers were calculated using data of intracellular pixels identified using the membrane marker N-[3-(40-dihexylamino-3-hydroxy-flavonyl-6-oxy)-propyl]N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium inner salt (F66) as described in Figure 5 for individual cells, which were subsequently normalized to the median value determined in untreated control samples. The number of cells obtained from five independent experiments and involved in the analysis was from left to right: 382, 348, 373, 396, 388, 402 and 393 for Omicron trimer uptake in HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 and 308, 250, 256, 223, 222, 232 and 296 for Omicron trimer uptake in Calu-3. Data points indicated in the figure were obtained from individual cells and plotted along with median values with quartiles. Grey shaded areas show ranges between 0.5 and 1. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the control samples (*P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S6.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Veklury® (remdesivir) formulations inhibit initial membrane-coupled events of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin content.

doi: 10.1111/bph.16063

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 Veklury® (remdesivir) formulations effectively decrease ACE2 binding of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the cellular uptake of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer due to their SBECD content. (a) HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 (left panel) or Calu-3 cells (right panel) were treated with SBECD, Veklury® P (powder) or Veklury® S (solution) at CD concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mM. Then, HEK/ ACE2 + TMPRSS2 cells were incubated in the presence of 0.2-μgml1 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD–GFP, whereas Calu-3 cells were labelled with 1-μgml1 Omicron RBD–GFP for 4 min. The emitted fluorescence intensities of individual cells were subsequently measured using flow cytometry, and the mean intensity was calculated from data of at least 10,000 cells of normal morphology per sample. The average values of six independent measurements (±SD) were calculated, normalized to the mean value determined in untreated control samples and plotted as a function of the applied concentrations of CD. Asterisks indicate significant differences of samples treated with the highest applied concentrations compared to the control samples (*P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S6. (b) HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 (left panel) or Calu-3 cells (right panel) treated with SBECD, Veklury® P or Veklury® S at CD concentrations of 1 and 5 mM for 1 h were subsequently incubated for 4 h in the presence of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488. The average fluorescence intensity values emitted by Alexa Fluor 488-labelled trimers were calculated using data of intracellular pixels identified using the membrane marker N-[3-(40-dihexylamino-3-hydroxy-flavonyl-6-oxy)-propyl]N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium inner salt (F66) as described in Figure 5 for individual cells, which were subsequently normalized to the median value determined in untreated control samples. The number of cells obtained from five independent experiments and involved in the analysis was from left to right: 382, 348, 373, 396, 388, 402 and 393 for Omicron trimer uptake in HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 and 308, 250, 256, 223, 222, 232 and 296 for Omicron trimer uptake in Calu-3. Data points indicated in the figure were obtained from individual cells and plotted along with median values with quartiles. Grey shaded areas show ranges between 0.5 and 1. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the control samples (*P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test). See details of statistical analysis in Table S6.

Article Snippet: When using Omicron spike trimer conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (R&D Systems; AFG11060), experiments were repeated after SBECD, Veklury® P or Veklury® S treatments in HEK/ACE2 + TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells using the trimer at 0.5 and 2.5 μg ml 1, respectively.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Incubation, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Control, Membrane, Marker